Wednesday 21 August 2013

How to Make an eLearning Course

 How to Make an eLearning Course


For all of you subject matter experts, trainers and performance consultants of every background, this one’s for you. Here’s eLearning 101: a guide to the tools of the trade to get you started building courses.
Understanding SCORM

Before we begin with the tools, you need to learn one quick, key term: SCORM. The sharable content object reference model (or SCORM) is a software standard that governs how course files communicate or report information to learning management systems.

“Wait!”, you cry. “What is a learning management system?” A learning management system (more commonly known as an LMS) is a software platform that plays and tracks training content in an organizational environment.

“Do I need one?” is a logical next question. As a course developer, you don’t need an LMS. But it’s in your interest to make sure that your courses meet the SCORM standard so that they can be played in any customer’s LMS. Want to learn more? The folks at Rustici Software are the experts in SCORM and can tell you all you need to know.

So, in summary, if you’re going to make elearning courses, we recommend (heartily) that you make them SCORM compatible. This will ensure you can reuse assets with many different customers without customization in each environment.

eLearning Authoring Tools

There are tons of great tools that take care of SCORM compatibility for you. The two gorillas in the elearning room are Articulate and Captivate - both are tools that create animated, sequenced learning objects. If you’re starting from scratch, you can start with PowerPoint presentations and use these tools to create interactive objects, add audio and export to the SCORM standard.

These are by no means the only tools - many smaller companies offer tools, including Lectora, Zebra Zapps, Claro, Rapid Intake and Jackdaw. There are also simple free tools to export PowerPoint files to SCORM, including the iSpring plugin and AuthorPoint Lite. iSpring also offers a free SCORM quiz-making tool.

Many of these authoring tools offer a trial version, so we certainly recommend taking advantage of that opportunity to test and play with a product before making a purchase.

Video in eLearning

In addition, OpenSesame has developed a SCORM video player that converts any video files to SCORM trackable elearning courses. This has opened a whole new world of content to elearning developers!

This means simple videos can become elearning assets even in the most complex learning management system. Interested in creating video-based elearning courses? Simple cameras are affordable - and sometimes as common as the phone in your pocket.

Teaching from software tools? Interested in building screen capture like Sal Khan’s? There are lots of low-cost and free tools for screen capture and audio, including Camtasia, Quicktime and Screen Video Recorder. One of the best tools for creating screen capture with audio is Screenr - created by Articulate, this free, web-based tool will enable you to make up-to-five-minute screen capture videos.

Need to edit? Camtasia will do the trick, or on a Mac you can use iMovie (comes with your computer!) to edit together clips of video and add audio. Need to convert different video formats? Try the free, open-source Handbrake for all of your video file management needs.

Reusable Resources

Finally, many elearning developers face the no-time-no-resources challenge and need help identifying and using off-the-shelf and stock design assets to get things done quickly.

There are hundreds of templates and other stock resources available on sites targeted for both the elearning sector and design in general. Some favorites:

    Looking for stock images? Besides the classic Shutterstock and iStockPhoto, try MorgueFile, Pics4Learning, Fotopedia and cutoutpeople.com (thanks to Dawn Mahoney for suggestions!). 
    Need elearning templates? If you use Articulate, try the E-Learning Heroes Forum for tons of great course templates. Tony Karrer has an excellent blog post directory of elearning course templates. The eLearning Brothers have course templates and Flash-based game templates and DIY eLearning offers customizable Flash interactions, too. Many authoring tools come with templates, so check with your authoring tool vendor to find out what resources are available!
    Fonts make your design fun. Try 1001 Fonts, Urban Fonts and dafont for beautiful lettering to make your elearning designs more interesting.

Further reading:

    Tools For Freelance Instructional Designers
    How to Create Great eLearning Courses
    Primer on SCORM Settings

More suggestions? Please share in the comments!






Tuesday 6 August 2013

Android interview question


Android interview questions

1) Describe the APK format.
The APK file is compressed the AndroidManifest.xml file, application code (.dex files),
resource files, and other files. A project is compiled into a single .apk file.

2) What is an action?
A description of something that an Intent sender desires.

3) What is activity?
A single screen in an application, with supporting Java code.

4) What is intent?
A class (Intent) describes what a caller desires to do. The caller sends this intent to Android's
intent resolver, which finds the most suitable activity for the intent.

5) How is nine-patch image different from a regular bitmap?
It is a resizable bitmap resource that can be used for backgrounds or other images on the device.
The NinePatch class permits drawing a bitmap in nine sections. The four corners are unscaled;
the four edges are scaled in one axis, and the middle is scaled in both axes.

6) What languages does Android support for application development?
Android applications are written using the Java programming language.

7) What is a resource?
A user-supplied XML, bitmap, or other file, injected into the application build process, which can
later be loaded from code.

8) What's the difference between file, class and activity in android?
Igs Labs Technologies Pvt Ltd
File –
It is a block of arbitrary information, or resource for storing information. It can be of any type.
Class –
It’s a compiled form of .Java file. Android finally used this .class files to produce an executable
apk.
Activity –
An activity is the equivalent of a Frame/Window in GUI toolkits. It is not a file or a file type it is
just a class that can be extended in Android for loading UI elements on view.

9) What is a Sticky Intent?
sendStickyBroadcast() performs a sendBroadcast (Intent) that is "sticky," i.e. the Intent you are
sending stays around after the broadcast is complete, so that others can quickly retrieve that data
through the return value of registerReceiver (BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter). In all other ways,
this behaves the same as sendBroadcast (Intent).
One example of a sticky broadcast sent via the operating system is
ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED. When you call registerReceiver () for that action -- even
with a null BroadcastReceiver -- you get the Intent that was last broadcast for that action. Hence,
you can use this to find the state of the battery without necessarily registering for all future state
changes in the battery.

10) Are the Android releases available in a ROM?
No, Android is not yet available in a ROM format. Currently Android is installed by using a
clean SD Card, and booted from there. It is booted by running a special application called
'Haret.exe' residing on your SD Card which will terminate the Windows kernel and boot into
Linux/Android. It can't easily be run from ROM because a) it's too experimental to risk putting in
ROM and then killing a device and b) WinMo does some hardware initialization that isn't
documented, but is needed before Android can run.
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11) Where can I download a release?
There are a number of Android releases (all at varying stages of development). Use the search
function to locate one, or try these:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=732362(Standard XDAndroid for multiple
HTC Devices) Both come with very clear instructions on how to install

12) What is the Open Handset Alliance?
The OHA is a consortium of 30 technology and mobile companies that have joined hands to
accelerate innovation in mobile technology and at the same time offer the end users a better, cost-effective and richer mobile experience.

13) What innovations the OHA members strive to achieve?
The OHA members have endeavored to develop Android, the open source mobile platform
consisting of an OS, web browser and key applications. Different companies have different
contributions to make and roles to play. For instance, the software companies like Google are
developing the requisite software, the hardware companies the chipsets and the mobile
companies are ensuring compatible handsets for Android.

14) Why an open source platform would be beneficial to consumers?
Open source platform will ensure cheaper mobile handsets and services coupled with richer user
experience in the form of a friendlier interface, cool applications and an enhanced browsing
experience.

15) Why is open platform good for the mobile operators?
An open platform would foster faster innovation, multiple software versions, better customization
options, lower costs, which would bring down the overall service and handset costs while
boosting sales.

16) Why is open platform good for developers?
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Developers will be able innovate rapidly because they will have comprehensive API access to
handset capabilities that are web-ready. They will experience increased productivity because
they will have comprehensive and easy-to-use developer tools. And because open source
offers a deeper understanding of the underlying mobile platform, they can better optimise
their applications. Finally, the distribution and commercialisation of mobile apps will be less
expensive and easier.

17) What is the Android G1 Phone?
The Android T-Mobile G1 phone is the world's first Android-powered mobile phone developed
by HTC and T-Mobile.

18) Which Programming language is supported by Android?
Android uses the Java programming language and Eclipse IDE.

19) Are the Android apps first scrutinized by Google?
No the Android applications can be directly posted on the Android Market once you are
registered as a developer after paying the $25 application fee.

20) How much revenue share does the developer get?
The developer gets 70% revenue generated from each Android application purchase while
the rest is used for settlement charges. Google doesn't take a dime out of this.
Which is the Virtual Machine used to run the Android apps?
The VM used is called Dalvik, so named after the ancestral roots of its creator, as the story
goes

21) I just got a new phone, but have no apps. What should I get?
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A: This changes from person to person, but you can always browse the /r/Android  app list. Feel
free to add to it or vote for an app. I have listed a few that I use to get you started:
Start with Barcode Scanner- You can use it to install apps with the QR code found
through the links to the apps below. An alternative is ShopSavvywhich is similar, but will
also allow you to search for products via their barcode.
A file manager (ES File Manager, ASTROor another)
Skype - Replacement keyboard to make typing more efficient (closed beta, search for
the .apk). Alternative – Swift key which uses predictive texting
• Mobile Defense- Lose your phone? Use Mobile Defense to find it, lock it, or send
alerts. Essential if you're prone to losing things. Non-US users may wish to use either
Wheres My Droid(free, local) or WaveSecure(Annual fee, has gps).
• Pandora- For non-US users try Last.FM
• Shazam- (Free 5 tags/month, paid version for unlimited)
• The Weather Channel(or WeatherBug)
• Reddit is Fun- or use Reddit Mobile
• SMS Backup
• Titanium Backup- For Root users, allows the backup of all apps and data to your SD
card
• Mint.com- Great for money management if you have an account (US Only)
• Replace your stock Home Screen - Use either ADW.Launcheror LauncherPro
• Rockplayer- Allows you to play almost any media file without converting it
• Appbrain- Great alternative to the Marketplace, and keeps a record of all your apps
installed/downloaded (requires login). Easy to install from and browse.

22) What are the biggest new features in Android 2.2?
• The most significant core changes to the Android operating
system revolve around these four points:
• • Speed: Android 2.2 runs two to five times as fast as previous versions, thanks to a new
Dalvik JIT compiler that allows for better CPU performance. And with a brand new
Javascript engine, the stock Android browser is also two to three times faster than it was
in Android 2.1. Plus, app switching should be noticeably smoother due to improved
memory reclaim in the Froyo build.
• • Flash: Froyo will be the first Android edition with full support for Adobe Flashand
Adobe Air. (If you don't want to use it, you don't have to. If you do, you can. Choice --now, that's refreshing!)
Igs Labs Technologies Pvt Ltd
• • Tethering: Android 2.2 has built-in support for tethering, though carriers will likely
have to choose to allow it. Of course, you can turn your Android phone into a wireless
modem on your own -- right now, with or without Android 2.2 - if you know how.
• • Mobile hotspot support: Along with tethering comes the ability to use your phone as a
Wi-Fi hotspot, spreading your 3G connection wirelessly to other devices. Again, carriers
will presumably have to sign off on this and may or may not allow it for free.
How will apps change with Android 2.2?
• Hey, good question; you're clearly an intelligent and amiable individual. The answer is
that with Froyo, Google's giving us a bunch of new ways to take advantage of apps from
the Android Market and beyond. The highlights:
• SD card installations: Yep, you'll finally be able to install apps on your SD card,
smashing the space limitations of Android versions past. You'll be able to select where
you want each app to be installed - SD card or internal storage - and even toggle it back
and forth with a couple of clicks later.

23) What is android?
Android is a stack of software for mobile devices which has Operating System, middleware and
some key applications. The application executes within its own process and its own instance of
Dalvik Virtual Machine. Many Virtual Machines run efficiently by a DVM device. DVM
executes Java language’s byte code which later transforms into .dex format files.

24) What are the features of Android?
• Components can be reused and replaced by the application framework.
• Optimized DVM for mobile devices
• SQLite enables to store the data in a structured manner.
• Supports GSM telephone and Bluetooth, WiFi, 3G and EDGE technologies
• The development is a combination of a device emulator, debugging tools, memory
profiling and plug-in for Eclipse IDE.

25) Describe a real time scenario where android can be used?
Igs Labs Technologies Pvt Ltd
Imagine a situation that you are in a country where no one understands the language you speak
and you cannot read or write. However, you have mobile phone with you.
With a mobile phone with android, the Google translator translates the data of one language into
another language by using XMPP to transmit data. You can type the message in English and
select the language which is understood by the citizens of the country in order to reach the
message to the citizens.

26) What are the advantages of Android?
The following are the advantages of Android:
• The customer will be benefited from wide range of mobile applications to choose, since
the monopoly of wireless carriers like AT&T and Orange will be broken by Google
Android.
• Features like weather details, live RSS feeds, opening screen, icon on the opening screen
can be customized
• Innovative products like the location-aware services, location of a nearby convenience
store etc., are some of the additive facilities in Android.

27) How to select more than one option from list in android xml file? Give an
example.
Specify android id, layout height and width as depicted in the following example.
<ListView android:id="@+id/ListView01" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ListView>

28) What are the dialog boxes that are supported in android? Explain.
Android supports 4 dialog boxes:
AlertDialog : An alert dialog box supports 0 to 3 buttons and a list of selectable elements,
including check boxes and radio buttons. Among the other dialog boxes, the most suggested
dialog box is the alert dialog box.
ProgressDialog: This dialog box displays a progress wheel or a progress bar. It is an extension of
AlertDialog and supports adding buttons.
DatePickerDialog: This dialog box is used for selecting a date by the user.
TimePickerDialog: This dialog box is used for selecting time by the user.

29) Explain about the exceptions of Android.
The following are the exceptions that are supported by Android
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• InflateException : When an error conditions are occurred, this exception is thrown
• Surface.OutOfResourceException: When a surface is not created or resized, this
exception is thrown
• SurfaceHolder.BadSurfaceTypeException: This exception is thrown from the
lockCanvas() method, when invoked on a Surface whose is
SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS
• WindowManager.BadTokenException: This exception is thrown at the time of trying to
add view an invalid WindowManager.LayoutParamstoken.

30) What are the differences between a domain and a workgroup?
In a domain, one or more computer can be a server to manage the network. On the other hand in a
workgroup all computers are peers having no control on each other. In a domain, user doesn’t
need an account to logon on a specific computer if an account is available on the domain. In a
work group user needs to have an account for every computer.
In a domain, Computers can be on different local networks. In a work group all computers needs
to be a part of the same local network.

31) Explain IP datagram, Fragmentation and MTU.
IP datagram can be used to describe a portion of IP data. Each IP datagram has set of fields
arranged in an order. The order is specific which helps to decode and read the stream easily. IP
datagram has fields like Version, header length, Type of service, Total length, checksum, flag,
protocol, Time to live, Identification, source and destination ip address, padding, options and
payload.
MTU:- Maximum Transmission Unit is the size of the largest packet that a communication
protocol can pass. The size can be fixed by some standard or decided at the time of connection
Fragmentation is a process of breaking the IP packets into smaller pieces. Fragmentation is
needed when the datagram is larger than the MTU. Each fragment becomes a datagram in itself
and transmitted independently from source. When received by destination they are reassembled.